Employees in Great Britain: 2023

Commentary on topics covered in the Business Register and Employment Survey (BRES) is split between three separate headline bulletins. Other commentary from the latest BRES data can be found on the following pages:

• Employees in Great Britain by region: 2023
• Employees in Great Britain by industry: 2023

As BRES employment estimates are not yet available for Northern Ireland 2023, these 2023 provisional estimates cover Great Britain only. We plan to update our 2023 release with UK estimates by early 2025. For 2022, the published revised estimates represent the UK and remain unaffected.

Between 2022 and 2023:

• The estimated number of employees in Great Britain increased by 423,900 (1.4%), from 30.9 million to 31.4 million.

• The estimated number of private sector employees increased by 140,100 (0.6%) to 25.6 million and the estimated number of public sector employees increased by 284,100 (5.2%) to 5.8 million in Great Britain.

• The estimated number of full-time employees increased by 290,000 (1.4%) to 21.6 million and the estimated number of part-time employees increased by 134,200 (1.4%) to 9.8 million in Great Britain.

• There were increases in the estimated number of employees in 10 of the 11 English regions and countries in Great Britain; the North East saw the largest percentage increase in employees (up 33,100, or 3.1%) while the East Midlands was the only region that saw a decrease in employees (down 29,800 or 1.4%).

• There were increases in the estimated number of employees in 13 of the 18 broad industry groups in Great Britain; the largest increase in employees by broad industry group was in health (up 181,000, or 4.3%); the largest decrease by industry was in business administration and support services (down 63,100, or 2.3%).

• As of September 2023, the estimated number of employees in all English regions and countries in Great Britain were above their pre-coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic September 2019 levels; the estimated number of employees in 5 of the 18 broad industry groups in Great Britain were still below their pre-pandemic September 2019 levels.

Employee

An employee is defined as anyone aged 16 years or over who is paid directly from the payroll, in return for carrying out a full-time or part-time job or being on a training scheme.

Employment

Employment includes employees plus the number of working owners who receive drawings or a share of the profits.

Full-time and part-time

Full-time is defined as working more than 30 hours per week and part-time is defined as working 30 hours or less per week.

Legal status

BRES includes breakdowns by public and private sector according to the legal status for national accounts classification purposes.

Standard Industrial Classification

Figures are classified to the Standard Industrial Classification 2007: SIC 2007. In this bulletin, the term “industry” refers to a “Section” as defined in SIC 2007.

Accredited official statistics

These accredited official statistics were independently reviewed by the Office for Statistics Regulation in April 2022. They comply with the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics and should be labelled “accredited official statistics”.

Coronavirus

Our Coronavirus and the effects on UK Labour Market statistics article has more information about how labour market sources have been affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

View our Comparison of our labour market data sources and the main differences article.

Sources

The Business Register and Employment Survey (BRES) is a sample survey. For the 2023 survey period, approximately 85,000 businesses were sampled for Great Britain and the response rate was 83.3%. All estimates for 2023 are provisional. Data from the 2022 survey have been subject to small revisions since the provisional estimates were published on 25 October 2023.

BRES is the primary source for employee estimates at a detailed regional and industrial level. More timely, less detailed, employment estimates are available in Workforce Jobs (WFJ). Workforce Jobs benchmarks the private sector employee component to the BRES private sector employee estimates on an annual basis. The WFJ series, which is compiled mainly from surveys of businesses, is the preferred source of statistics when comparing changes in employment over time. The BRES industry data are recommended in preference to industry data from household surveys such as the Annual Population Survey and Labour Force Survey (LFS).

The public sector employee job figures from BRES aggregated to regional or national level will not match those produced from the Public sector employment release, which is the recommended source for public sector employment figures.

Sampling variability

Because of the survey’s large sample size, BRES is able to produce good-quality estimates for detailed breakdowns by industry and geography. The coefficient of variation, a measure of quality, accompanies the BRES datasets on our website. The quality of the estimates may deteriorate for smaller geographies, and this should be taken into account when making inferences about the figures.

More quality and methodology information

“Total Employees” rather than “Total Employment” is used when discussing the main points. Employees is the more robust of the two measures and is recommended for use in analysis. Further information about BRES can be found in the Quality and Methodology Information (QMI) report.