1. Other pages in this release
Other commentary from the latest labour market data can be found on the following pages:
Back to table of contents2. Main points for February to April 2019
There were an estimated 846,000 job vacancies in the UK, 28,000 more than a year earlier.
There were an estimated 141,000 vacancies in the wholesaling, retailing and motor vehicle repair sector; this accounted for 16.7% of all vacancies in the UK.
There were an estimated 134,000 vacancies in the human health and social work sector; this accounted for 15.8% of all vacancies in the UK.
The data in this bulletin come from surveys of businesses. It is not feasible to survey every business in the UK, so these statistics are estimates based on samples, not precise figures.
3. Analysis
Vacancies
Figure 1: The number of vacancies in the UK has been generally increasing since 2012
Number of vacancies in the UK, seasonally adjusted, April to June 2001 to February to April 2019
Source: Office for National Statistics - Vacancy Survey
Download this chart Figure 1: The number of vacancies in the UK has been generally increasing since 2012
Image .csv .xlsThe estimated number of vacancies in the UK fell sharply during the recession of 2008 to 2009 but has increased steadily since 2012. For February to April 2019, there were an estimated 846,000 vacancies in the UK, 28,000 more than a year earlier.
Figure 2: The vacancy rate for hotels and restaurants has been consistently higher than for other sectors
Job vacancies per 100 employee jobs for selected industries in the UK, seasonally adjusted, April to June 2001 to February to April 2019
Source: Office for National Statistics - Vacancy Survey
Notes:
- The sharp upward movement in the public sector series in early 2011 was due to the recruitment of temporary census enumerator jobs by the Office for National Statistics.
Download this chart Figure 2: The vacancy rate for hotels and restaurants has been consistently higher than for other sectors
Image .csv .xlsFor February to April 2019 it is estimated that:
there were 2.8 job vacancies per 100 employee jobs across the economy as a whole
the sector showing the highest vacancy rates was accommodation and food services (4.1 vacancies per 100 employee jobs)
the sector showing the lowest vacancy rate was public administration and defence (1.7 job vacancies per 100 employee jobs)
Jobs (first published on 19 March 2019)
Figure 3: The number of construction jobs increased by 64,000 between December 2017 and December 2018
Changes in the number of jobs in the UK between December 2017 and December 2018, seasonally adjusted
Source: Office for National Statistics - Workforce jobs
Download this chart Figure 3: The number of construction jobs increased by 64,000 between December 2017 and December 2018
Image .csv .xlsThe number of jobs is not the same as the number of people in employment. This is because a person can have more than one job. Estimates for the number of people in employment are available in Employment in the UK.
Between December 2017 and December 2018, the total number of jobs in the UK increased by 415,000 to reach an estimated 35.27 million. The sector showing the largest estimated increase in jobs was information and communication (up 90,000 on the year).
These jobs estimates were first published on 19 March 2019. The jobs estimates will next be updated on 11 June 2019.
Figure 4: There has been a decline in the number of jobs in manufacturing, mining and quarrying since records began in 1978
Number of manufacturing, mining and quarrying jobs in the UK, seasonally adjusted, June 1978 to December 2018
Source: Office for National Statistics - Workforce jobs
Download this chart Figure 4: There has been a decline in the number of jobs in manufacturing, mining and quarrying since records began in 1978
Image .csv .xlsThe number of jobs in the manufacturing, and mining and quarrying sectors fell steadily between 1978 (when comparable records began) and 2008 but has been fairly stable for the last 10 years.
Back to table of contents4. Data
Vacancies by industry
Dataset VACS02| Released 14 May 2019
Estimates of vacancies by industry (Standard Industrial Classification 2007).
Workforce jobs summary
Dataset JOBS01 | Released 19 March 2019
Estimates of jobs by type of job (employee jobs, self-employment jobs, HM Forces and government-supported trainees).
Workforce jobs by industry
Dataset JOBS02| Released 19 March 2019
Estimates of jobs by industry (Standard Industrial Classification 2007).
UK | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
SIC 2007 Section | Estimate for December 2018 | Sampling variability of estimate 1 | ||
A | Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 346 | ±41 | |
B | Mining and quarrying | 57 | ±8 | |
C | Manufacturing | 2,707 | ±41 | |
D | Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 144 | ±9 | |
E | Water supply, sewerage, waste and remediation activities | 231 | ±8 | |
F | Construction | 2,404 | ±60 | |
G | Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 4,970 | ±57 | |
H | Transport and storage | 1,766 | ±44 | |
I | Accommodation and food service activities | 2,429 | ±55 | |
J | Information and communication | 1,573 | ±57 | |
K | Financial and insurance activities | 1,117 | ±39 | |
L | Real estate activities | 589 | ±34 | |
M | Professional scientific and technical activities | 3,059 | ±72 | |
N | Administrative and support service activities | 2,969 | ±58 | |
O | Public admin and defence; compulsory social security | 1,504 | ±14 | |
P | Education | 2,972 | ±37 | |
Q | Human health and social work activities | 4,423 | ±60 | |
R | Arts, entertainment and recreation | 1,041 | ±39 | |
S | Other service activities | 921 | ±45 | |
All jobs | 35,271 | ±194 |
Download this table Table 1: Sampling variability for estimates of jobs in the UK, thousands, December 2018
.xls .csvMore detailed sampling variability information for estimates of jobs is available from Dataset JOBS07.
Back to table of contents5. Glossary
Jobs
A job is an activity performed for an employer or customer by a worker in exchange for payment, usually in cash, or in kind, or both. The number of jobs is not the same as the number of people in employment. This is because a person can have more than one job. The number of jobs is the sum of employee jobs from employer surveys, self-employment jobs from the Labour Force Survey, those in HM Forces and government-supported trainees. The number of people in employment is measured by the Labour Force Survey (LFS); these estimates are available in our Employment in the UK release.
Vacancies
Vacancies are defined as positions for which employers are actively seeking recruits from outside their business or organisation. The estimates are based on the Vacancy Survey – a survey of businesses designed to provide estimates of the stock of vacancies across the economy, excluding agriculture, forestry and fishing (a small sector for which the collection of estimates would not be practical).
A more detailed Glossary is available.
Back to table of contents6. Measuring the data
Estimates of jobs are compiled from a number of sources, including Short Term Employer Surveys (STES), the Quarterly Public Sector Employment Survey (QPSES) and the Labour Force Survey (LFS). STES is a group of surveys that collect employment and turnover information from private sector businesses. In December of each year, the jobs estimates are “benchmarked” to the latest estimates from the Business Register and Employment Survey.
Estimates of vacancies are obtained from the Vacancy Survey, a survey of employers.
The Quality and Methodology Information (QMI) reports for jobs and vacancies pull together important qualitative information on the various dimensions of data quality, as well as providing a summary of methods used to compile the output.
Back to table of contents7. Strengths and limitations
The figures in this bulletin mainly come from surveys of businesses, which gather information from a sample rather than from the whole population. The samples are designed to be as accurate as possible given practical limitations such as time and cost constraints. Results from sample surveys are always estimates, not precise figures. This can have an impact on how changes in the estimates should be interpreted, especially for short-term comparisons.
As the number of people available in the sample gets smaller, the variability of the estimates that we can make from that sample size gets larger. Estimates for small groups (for example, vacancies in the construction industry), which are based on quite small subsets of the Vacancy Survey sample, are less reliable and tend to be more volatile than for larger aggregated groups (for example, total vacancies in the UK).
In general, short-term changes in the growth rates reported in this bulletin are not usually greater than the level that can be explained by sampling variability. Short-term movements in reported rates should be considered alongside longer-term patterns in the series and corresponding movements in other sources to give a fuller picture.
Further information is available in A guide to labour market statistics.
Sampling variability information for jobs is available in Table 1 in this bulletin and in Dataset JOBS07.
The sampling variability of the three-month average vacancies level is around plus or minus 1.5% of that level.
Back to table of contents8. You might also be interested in
Labour market economic commentary
Article | Released 14 May 2019
Additional economic analysis of the latest UK labour market headline statistics and long-term trends.
UK Business Register and Employment Survey
Bulletin | Released 27 September 2018
Estimates of employee and employment estimates by detailed geography and industry.
Bulletin | Released 19 March 2019
Estimates of people employed in the public and private sectors in the UK.