Economic activity status by country of birth

Important information:

As Census 2021 was during a unique period of rapid change, take care when using Labour Market data for planning purposes.

Read more about this quality notice.

Summary

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents aged 16 years and over in England and Wales by economic activity status and by country of birth. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

Variable and dataset information

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Lower tier local authorities

Lower tier local authorities provide a range of local services. There are 309 lower tier local authorities in England made up of 181 non-metropolitan districts, 59 unitary authorities, 36 metropolitan districts and 33 London boroughs (including City of London). In Wales there are 22 local authorities made up of 22 unitary authorities.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. However, you can choose to filter areas by:

  • country - for example, Wales
  • region - for example, London
  • local authority - for example, Cornwall
  • health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
  • statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Economic activity status

People aged 16 years and over are economically active if, between 15 March and 21 March 2021, they were:

* in employment (an employee or self-employed)

* unemployed, but looking for work and could start within two weeks

* unemployed, but waiting to start a job that had been offered and accepted

It is a measure of whether or not a person was an active participant in the labour market during this period. Economically inactive are those aged 16 years and over who did not have a job between 15 March to 21 March 2021 and had not looked for work between 22 February to 21 March 2021 or could not start work within two weeks.

The census definition differs from International Labour Organization definition used on the Labour Force Survey, so estimates are not directly comparable.

This classification splits out full-time students from those who are not full-time students when they are employed or unemployed. It is recommended to sum these together to look at all of those in employment or unemployed, or to use the four category labour market classification, if you want to look at all those with a particular labour market status.

Country of birth

The country in which a person was born.

For people not born in one of the four countries of the UK or the Republic of Ireland, there was an option to select "elsewhere".

People who selected "elsewhere" were asked to write in the current name for their country of birth.

Variables

Population type
All usual residents
Area type
Lower tier local authorities
Coverage
England and Wales
Country of birth
13 Categories
  • Europe: United Kingdom: England
  • Europe: United Kingdom: Northern Ireland
  • Europe: United Kingdom: Scotland
  • Europe: United Kingdom: Wales
  • Europe: United Kingdom: Great Britain not otherwise specified
  • Europe: United Kingdom: United Kingdom not otherwise specified
  • Europe: Ireland
  • Europe: Other Europe
  • Africa
  • Middle East and Asia
  • The Americas and the Caribbean
  • Antarctica and Oceania (including Australasia)
  • Does not apply
Show fewer categories
Economic activity status
10 Categories
  • Economically active (excluding full-time students): In employment
  • Economically active (excluding full-time students): Unemployed: Seeking work or waiting to start a job already obtained: Available to start working within 2 weeks
  • Economically active and a full-time student: In employment
  • Economically active and a full-time student: Unemployed: Seeking work or waiting to start a job already obtained: Available to start working within 2 weeks
  • Economically inactive: Retired
  • Economically inactive: Student
  • Economically inactive: Long-term sick or disabled
  • Economically inactive: Other
  • Does not apply
Show all 10 categories

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Contact us

Protecting personal data

Sometimes we need to make changes to data if it is possible to identify individuals. This is known as statistical disclosure control.

In Census 2021, we:

  • swapped records (targeted record swapping), for example, if a household was likely to be identified in datasets because it has unusual characteristics, we swapped the record with a similar one from a nearby small area (very unusual households could be swapped with one in a nearby local authority)
  • added small changes to some counts (cell key perturbation), for example, we might change a count of four to a three or a five – this might make small differences between tables depending on how the data are broken down when we applied perturbation

Read more in Section 5 of our article Design for Census 2021.

Version history

Release date Reason for update
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