Construction output in Great Britain: October 2025

• Total construction output is estimated to have fallen by 0.3% in the three months to October 2025.

• Over the three-month period, repair and maintenance fell by 1.0%, while new work grew by 0.1%.

• At the sector level, four out of the nine sectors fell in the three months to October 2025; the main negative contributor to the decrease was private housing repair and maintenance, which fell by 2.3%.

• Monthly construction output is estimated to have fallen by 0.6% in October 2025; this follows an increase of 0.2% in September 2025.

• The decrease in monthly output in October 2025 came from decreases in both new work, and repair and maintenance, which fell by 0.7% and 0.6%, respectively.

Construction output estimates

Construction output estimates are monthly estimates of the amount of output chargeable to customers for building and civil engineering work done in the relevant period, excluding Value Added Tax (VAT) and payments to subcontractors.

Seasonally adjusted estimates

Seasonally adjusted estimates are derived by estimating and removing calendar effects (for example, leap years such as 2024) and seasonal effects (for example, decreased activity at Christmas because of site shutdowns) from the non-seasonally adjusted estimates.

Value estimates

The value estimates reflect the total value of work that businesses have completed over a reference month.

Volume estimates

The volume estimates are calculated by taking the value estimates and adjusting to remove the impact of price changes.

Quality and methodology

More quality and methodology information (QMI) is available in:

• our Construction output quality and methodology information

• our Construction Output Price Indices (OPIs) quality and methodology information

• our New orders in construction quality and methodology information

Data error in public new housing sector

We have identified a data error within the public housing new work sector from January 2022. While this error increases the level of construction output by approximately 1.2% from January 2022 onwards, growth in construction output is only affected for the month of January 2022, increasing from 1.2% to 1.7%. Users should note that other factors will have contributed to this increase, such as an improvement in a deflator and new seasonal parameters being implemented. Note that there is no impact to GDP growth to one decimal place. 

This error was because of incorrect data being used while processing improvements for the Blue Book 2025. Data will be corrected in accordance with the National Accounts Revisions Policy, meaning data from January 2024 will be corrected in the Quarterly national accounts release to be published on 22 December 2025, while data for 2022 and 2023 will be corrected in the 2026 Blue Book.  

We apologise for this data error. We have put in place additional quality assurance to improve our process and prevent a similar error in the future.

Reasons for revisions to construction output in this release

This release contains no revisions to previously published data and is consistent with the National Accounts Revisions Policy.

For further information on the revisions profile, see our Output in the construction industry revisions triangle (one-month growth) dataset and our Output in the construction industry revisions triangle (three-month growth) dataset.

Pausing of Producer Prices publications

Following the restart of monthly business prices publications on 22 October 2025, business prices data with corrected chain-linking methods and updated historical weights have been used in the monthly gross domestic product (GDP) dataset for Producer Price Indices (PPI), Import Prices Indices (IPI), Export Price Indices (EPI), and Service Producer Price Indices (SPPI) for July, August and September 2025 in this release. The quarterly SPPI estimates are splined to months for use in monthly GDP calculations.

These updates to business prices data will be incorporated in GDP estimates in line with our National Accounts Revisions Policy. 

Further information on the chain-linking error and the impact of methodological changes in the Producer prices dataset are detailed in our Impact of correction to chain-linking methodology used in Producer Price Indices and Services Producer Price Indices: October 2025 article published on 22 October 2025. 

Seasonal adjustment

Our monthly construction estimates are seasonally adjusted. Seasonal adjustment is the process of removing the variations associated with the time of year, or the arrangement of the calendar, from a data time series.

Construction estimates, as for many data time series, are difficult to analyse using raw data because seasonal effects dominate short-term movements. Identifying and removing the seasonal component leaves the trend and irregular components.

The ONS uses the X-13-ARIMA-SEATS approach to seasonal adjustment. Seasonal adjustment parameters are monitored closely and regularly reviewed. For more information, please see our seasonal adjustment methodology page.

In our monthly estimates, seasonal adjustment is applied at the sector level and the seasonally adjusted series are aggregated to create estimates by total output. As part of our quality assurance approach, residual seasonality checks are regularly completed by our time series analysis team on both the directly seasonally adjusted series and the indirectly derived aggregate time series.

Subnational and subsector construction output

Data on new orders supplied by Barbour ABI are used to model the breakdown of the overall output figures for Great Britain into the lower level and regional data. This is shown in Tables 1 and 2 of our Output in the construction industry: subnational and subsector dataset. More detail is available in our Quality assurance of administrative data used in construction statistics methodology.

Bias adjustment

Typically, since the move to monthly gross domestic product (GDP) estimates, an adjustment to address any bias in survey responses for construction output is applied to the early construction output monthly estimates. We show this in our Improvements to construction statistics: addressing the bias in early estimates of construction output, June 2018 article.

Response rates for October 2025 showed improvement compared with levels in recent years since the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The survey turnover response rate for October 2025 was 82.0%. This follows a response rate of 78.4% in September and 79.9% in August. We have continued not to apply a bias adjustment since May 2020 while we review this approach. More information on our response rates is available in our Output in the construction industry dataset.

Differences with monthly GDP construction estimates

In Blue Book 2021, we introduced a new framework to improve how we produce volume estimates of GDP for balanced years as part of the supply use process. This was explained in our Producing an alternative approach to GDP using experimental double deflation estimates article. This framework included the implementation of double-deflated industry-level gross value added (GVA) for the first time. This improvement was reflected in the GDP quarterly national accounts, UK: April to June 2021 bulletin and dataset and GDP monthly estimate, UK: August 2021 bulletin for the first time.

As a result, volume estimates in the monthly GDP and construction outputs releases will differ for the period 1997 to 2020. This is because the construction publication measures the volume of construction work (output), while the GDP series measures GVA (that is, output minus intermediate consumption). Construction estimates will align, but on a growth basis from January 2021 onwards.

Information and indicative effects of this change to industry-level GVA volume can be found in our Impact of double deflation on industry chain volume measure annual estimates article and our Impact of Blue Book 2021 changes on quarterly volume estimates of gross domestic product by industry article.

Accredited official statistics

These accredited official statistics were independently reviewed by the Office for Statistics Regulation in March 2019. They comply with the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics and should be labelled "accredited official statistics".