"Figure 11: Progressivity, average rate and overall redistributive impact of indirect taxes, 1977 to 2013/14","" "UK ","" "","" "Notes","1. For progressivity (measured using the Kakwani), a negative value indicates that taxes are regressive, with a decreasing value meaning that taxes are becoming more regressive." "Unit","" "","" "Year","Progressivity","Average rate (as % of disposable income)","Redistributive impact (% increase in Gini)" "1977","-4.5937","19.6829502","7.212970205" "1978","-2.9903","18.6178851","5.559108582" "1979","-1.7893","20.6916377","5.89476964" "1980","-4.4382","21.3754474","7.628402203" "1981","-4.4173","21.7595875","7.87528716" "1982","-4.9372","22.0394223","8.920670083" "1983","-5.1212","22.2051512","8.838382904" "1984","-3.974","22.4690911","8.144960982" "1985","-5.6459","21.3397951","8.547849438" "1986","-7.5400568","21.7201521","10.00567631" "1987","-9.1120598","20.3243155","9.687700319" "1988","-10.3436004","20.5152549","9.749299783" "1989","-9.6607987","20.0957823","9.263006535" "1990","-11.7354076","19.1420705","9.259492787" "1991","-11.3347289","19.7735918","9.944299576" "1992","-11.3759869","20.0437056","10.06495067" "1993","-11.4540002","20.2453339","10.39952485" "1994/95","-11.3203747","19.887476","10.1416486" "1995/96","-11.3440421","20.7047845","11.12978154" "1996/97","-12.1460775","20.1142413","10.50760935" "1997/98","-11.6344026","20.1999579","10.26193642" "1998/99","-11.5174186","20.6393051","10.18276424" "1999/00","-13.4902745","20.2260195","10.54285034" "2000/01","-12.5782508","20.6511288","10.89723964" "2001/02","-15.7948093","18.8864743","11.00138183" "2002/03","-12.966257","19.083043","10.19900434" "2003/04","-13.68837","18.9986491","10.93591161" "2004/05","-12.8180209","18.6661859","10.60834782" "2005/06","-13.0019687","18.2869481","10.01511888" "2006/07","-14.9082407","18.0865195","10.89495696" "2007/08","-14.614341","17.6587137","10.17702249" "2008/09","-13.8683177","16.6854382","9.484207261" "2009/10","-14.9932697","16.2215931","10.06173944" "2010/11","-15.3142358","17.2599255","10.91177609" "2011/12","-13.4400441","18.3761484","11.36637365" "2012/13","-13.3014355","18.2138696","10.53341327" "2013/14","-12.4775492","18.8352904","10.95947897"