"Figure 7: EU countries' gross domestic expenditure on research and development as a percentage of gross domestic product (R&D intensity), 2016","" "","" "","" "Notes","1. Some EU countries' 2016 estimates taken from the Eurostat website are provisional." "Unit","% of GDP" "","" "","%","Europe 2020 target","Europe 2003 ratio","2016 EU 28" "Sweden","3.25","3.00","1.78","2.03" "Austria","3.09","3.00","1.78","2.03" "Germany","2.94","3.00","1.78","2.03" "Denmark","2.87","3.00","1.78","2.03" "Finland","2.75","3.00","1.78","2.03" "Belgium","2.49","3.00","1.78","2.03" "France","2.25","3.00","1.78","2.03" "EU (28 countries)","2.03","3.00","1.78","2.03" "Netherlands","2.03","3.00","1.78","2.03" "Slovenia","2.00","3.00","1.78","2.03" "Czech Republic","1.68","3.00","1.78","2.03" "United Kingdom","1.67","3.00","1.78","2.03" "Italy","1.29","3.00","1.78","2.03" "Estonia","1.28","3.00","1.78","2.03" "Portugal","1.27","3.00","1.78","2.03" "Luxembourg","1.24","3","1.78","2.03" "Hungary","1.21","3","1.78","2.03" "Spain","1.19","3","1.78","2.03" "Ireland","1.18","3","1.78","2.03" "Greece","1.01","3","1.78","2.03" "Poland","0.97","3","1.78","2.03" "Lithuania","0.85","3","1.78","2.03" "Croatia","0.85","3","1.78","2.03" "Slovakia","0.79","3","1.78","2.03" "Bulgaria","0.78","3","1.78","2.03" "Malta","0.61","3","1.78","2.03" "Cyprus","0.5","3","1.78","2.03" "Romania","0.48","3","1.78","2.03" "Latvia","0.44","3","1.78","2.03"