"Figure 1: Solid waste management consistently accounts for the largest proportion of environmental protection expenditure by UK government ","" "Environmental protection expenditure by general government, UK, 1995 to 2017","" "","" "Notes","1. All estimates are reported at current prices, no adjustments have been made to account for the effects of inflation. 2. The rise and subsequent fall of EPE by government between 2004 and 2006 is a result of the transfer of responsibilities between British Nuclear Fuels (BNF) and the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA). BNF, a non-government organisation, restructured in 2005 and the responsibility for nuclear decommissioning transferred to the government’s NDA. The majority of the NDA costs for decommissioning were accounted for in 2005. 3. Where expenditure for a particular activity and year is less than £0.1 billion, it is not shown. 4. Sub-totals may not sum to totals due to rounding. " "Unit","£ billions" "","" "","Solid waste management","Waste water management ","Protection of ambient air and climate","Protection of bio-diversity and landscape ","Research and development, education and administration","Other abatement costs ","Total environmental protection expenditure" "1995","3.7","0.0","0.1","0.1","0.1","0.2","4.2" "1996","3.5","0.0","0.1","0.1","0.1","0.2","4.0" "1997","3.7","0.0","0.1","0.1","0.1","0.2","4.2" "1998","3.9","0.0","0.1","0.1","0.1","0.4","4.6" "1999","4.5","0.0","0.2","0.2","0.2","0.5","5.6" "2000","4.9","0.0","0.2","0.2","0.2","0.8","6.5" "2001","5.4","0.0","0.4","0.3","0.3","0.7","7.1" "2002","5.9","0.0","0.3","0.3","0.4","1.1","7.9" "2003","6.4","0.0","0.2","0.3","0.4","1.5","8.9" "2004","7.0","0.0","0.2","0.3","0.5","1.1","9.2" "2005","16.1","0.1","0.3","0.4","0.5","1.6","18.9" "2006","9.9","0.0","0.2","0.4","0.5","1.5","12.5" "2007","10.9","0.0","0.2","0.6","0.6","1.7","14.0" "2008","10.7","0.0","0.2","0.5","0.5","1.6","13.6" "2009","11.7","0.0","0.3","0.5","0.5","2.1","15.1" "2010","11.5","0.0","0.5","0.6","0.8","2.0","15.4" "2011","11.4","0.0","0.3","0.5","0.6","1.8","14.5" "2012","10.9","0.0","0.2","0.4","0.7","1.8","14.0" "2013","10.8","0.0","0.2","0.5","0.6","1.5","13.6" "2014","11.5","0.0","0.5","0.5","0.6","1.7","14.8" "2015","11.3","0.0","0.5","0.6","0.8","1.6","14.7" "2016","11.1","0.0","0.1","0.6","0.7","1.9","14.4" "2017","11.5","0.0","0.1","0.6","0.8","1.8","14.7"