1. Other pages in this release
Other commentary from the latest labour market data can be found on the following pages:
Back to table of contents2. Main points for February to April 2019
Excluding bonuses, average weekly earnings for employees in Great Britain were estimated to have increased by 3.4%, before adjusting for inflation, and by 1.5%, after adjusting for inflation, compared with a year earlier.
Including bonuses, average weekly earnings for employees in Great Britain were estimated to have increased by 3.1%, before adjusting for inflation, and by 1.2%, after adjusting for inflation, compared with a year earlier.
The estimates in this bulletin come from a survey of businesses. It is not possible to survey every business each month, so these statistics are estimates based on a sample, not precise figures.
3. Analysis
Figure 1: Pay for employees (including bonuses) increased by 1.2% on the year when adjusted for inflation; pay excluding bonuses increased by 1.5%
Great Britain average weekly earnings annual growth rates, seasonally adjusted, January to March 2001 to February to April 2019
Source: Office for National Statistics - Monthly Wages and Salaries Survey
Download this chart Figure 1: Pay for employees (including bonuses) increased by 1.2% on the year when adjusted for inflation; pay excluding bonuses increased by 1.5%
Image .csv .xlsThe earnings estimates are not just a measure of pay rises as they also reflect changes in the number of paid hours worked and changes in the structure of the workforce; for example, more high-paid jobs would have an upward effect on earnings growth rates.
We publish earnings estimates for:
regular pay (excluding bonuses)
total pay (including bonuses)
These estimates of regular and total pay are available:
not adjusted for inflation (nominal)
adjusted for inflation (real)
Pay in real terms is calculated as nominal average weekly earnings, deflated by the Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers’ housing costs (CPIH).
Between February to April 2018 and February to April 2019 for employees in Great Britain:
regular pay was estimated to have increased by 3.4% in nominal terms and by 1.5% in real terms
total pay was estimated to have increased by 3.1% in nominal terms and by 1.2% in real terms
Figure 2: Earnings excluding bonuses, after adjusting for inflation, are lower than before the 2008 to 2009 recession
Great Britain average weekly earnings excluding bonuses, seasonally adjusted, April 2019
Source: Office for National Statistics - Monthly Wages and Salaries Survey
Download this chart Figure 2: Earnings excluding bonuses, after adjusting for inflation, are lower than before the 2008 to 2009 recession
Image .csv .xlsFor April 2019, average regular pay, before tax and other deductions, for employees in Great Britain was estimated at:
£502 per week in nominal terms
£468 per week in real terms (constant 2015 prices), higher than the estimate for a year earlier (£459 per week), but £5 lower than the pre-recession peak of £473 per week for April 2008
Figure 3: Average earnings, including bonuses, in the construction sector increased by 4.4% on the year
Annual growth in Great Britain nominal average weekly earnings (including bonuses), seasonally adjusted, between February to April 2018 and February to April 2019
Source: Office for National Statistics - Monthly Wages and Salaries Survey
Download this chart Figure 3: Average earnings, including bonuses, in the construction sector increased by 4.4% on the year
Image .csv .xlsBetween February to April 2018 and February to April 2019, average total pay growth (including bonuses) varied by industry sector:
for construction, growth was estimated to have been 4.4%, more than the whole economy average of 3.1%
lowest growth was seen in wholesaling, retailing, hotels and restaurants, estimated at 1.0%
February and March are the months in which highest bonus payments are made, and therefore total pay growth is most affected by bonus levels. Bonuses have seen the following patterns in February to April 2019 compared with a year earlier:
Construction was the only industry sector that attracted higher % growth in bonuses than in regular pay; average weekly bonus pay for this sector increased by 17.1%, compared with a growth in regular pay of 4.1%
in Finance and business services, which is the highest bonus paying sector, bonus payments increased by 1.4%; regular pay for this sector grew by 3.9%
both manufacturing, and wholesaling, retailing, hotels and restaurants experienced a fall in bonus payments, by 6.2% and 12.8% respectively; regular pay growth (excluding bonuses) for these sectors was 2.2% and 2.4% respectively
both manufacturing and wholesaling, retailing, hotels and distribution have seen consistent negative growth in bonuses for a number of months (since June to August 2018)
4. Data
Average weekly earnings
Dataset EARN01 | Released 11 June 2019
Headline estimates of earnings growth in Great Britain (seasonally adjusted).
Average weekly earnings by sector
Dataset EARN02 | Released 11 June 2019
Estimates of earnings in Great Britain broken down to show the effects of changes in wages and the effects of changes in the composition of employment (not seasonally adjusted)
Average weekly earnings by industry
Dataset EARN03 | Released 11 June 2019
Estimates earnings in Great Britain broken down by detailed industrial sector (not seasonally adjusted).
Including bonuses (Jan to Apr)¹ ² | Including bonuses (May to Dec)¹ ² | Excluding bonuses¹ | |
---|---|---|---|
Whole economy | ± 0.9 | ± 0.5 | ± 0.5 |
Private sector | ± 0.9 | ± 0.6 | ± 0.5 |
Public sector | ± 0.9 | ± 0.5 | ± 0.5 |
Services | ± 1.0 | ± 0.6 | ± 0.5 |
Finance and business services | ± 2.8 | ± 1.6 | ± 1.4 |
Public sector excluding financial services | ± 0.7 | ± 0.5 | ± 0.5 |
Manufacturing | ± 1.1 | ± 1.0 | ± 0.9 |
Construction | ± 2.5 | ± 2.6 | ± 2.4 |
Wholesale and retail, hotels and restaurants | ± 2.1 | ± 1.7 | ± 1.5 |
Download this table Table 1: Sampling variability for average weekly earnings single month growth rates (percentage points)
.xls .csv5. Glossary
Average Weekly Earnings
Average Weekly Earnings (AWE) is the lead monthly measure of average weekly earnings per employee. It is calculated using information based on the Monthly Wages and Salaries Survey (MWSS), which samples around 9,000 employers in Great Britain.
The estimates are not just a measure of pay rises as they do not, for example, adjust for changes in the proportion of the workforce who work full-time or part-time, or other compositional changes within the workforce. The estimates do not include earnings of self-employed people.
Estimates are available for both total pay (which includes bonus payments) and for regular pay (which excludes bonuses). Estimates are available in both nominal terms (not adjusted for inflation) and real terms (adjusted for inflation).
Bonus
A bonus is a form of reward or recognition granted by an employer. When an employee receives a bonus payment, there is no expectation or assumption that the bonus will be used to cover any specific expense. The value and timing of a bonus payment can be at the discretion of the employer or stipulated in workplace agreements.
Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers’ housing costs (CPIH)
As of 21 March 2017, the Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers’ housing costs (CPIH) became our lead measure of inflation. It is our most comprehensive measure of UK consumer price inflation.
Monthly Wages and Salaries Survey (MWSS)
A survey through which we collect information on wages and salaries. It is distributed monthly to around 9,000 employers covering around 12.8 million employees.
A more detailed Glossary is available.
Back to table of contents6. Measuring the data
This bulletin relies on data collected from the Monthly Wages and Salaries Survey, a survey of employers in Great Britain excluding small businesses employing fewer than 20 people.
The Quality and Methodology Information (QMI) report pulls together important qualitative information on the various dimensions of data quality, as well as providing a summary of the methods used to compile the output.
Back to table of contents7. Strengths and limitations
The figures in this bulletin come from a survey of businesses, which gathers information from a sample rather than from the whole population. The sample is designed to be as accurate as possible given practical limitations such as time and cost constraints. Results from sample surveys are always estimates, not precise figures. This can have an impact on how changes in the estimates should be interpreted, especially for short-term comparisons.
As the number of people available in the sample gets smaller, the variability of the estimates that we can make from that sample size gets larger. Estimates for small groups (for example, earnings for the construction sector), which are based on quite small subsets of the Monthly Wages and Salaries Survey sample, are less reliable and tend to be more volatile than for larger aggregated groups (for example, earnings for the private sector).
In general, short-term changes in the growth rates reported in this bulletin are not usually greater than the level that can be explained by sampling variability. Short-term movements in reported rates should be considered alongside longer-term patterns in the series and corresponding movements in other sources to give a fuller picture.
Further information is available in A guide to labour market statistics and A guide to sources of data on earnings and income.
Back to table of contents8. You might also be interested in
Labour market economic commentary
Article | Released 11 June 2019
Additional economic analysis of the latest UK labour market headline statistics and long-term trends.
Employee earnings in the UK: 2018
Bulletin | Released 25 October 2018
Estimates of employee earnings, using data from our Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE). Figures are presented mainly for full-time employees, although some detail for part-time workers is also included.
Low and high pay in the UK: 2018
Bulletin | Released 25 October 2018
The distribution of earnings of high- and low-paid jobs, earnings by selected percentiles and jobs paid below the National Minimum Wage, compiled from our Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE).
Gender pay gap in the UK: 2018
Bulletin | Released 25 October 2018
Differences in pay between men and women by age, region, full-time and part-time, and occupation as compiled from our Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE).
Index of labour costs per hour in the UK (experimental statistics)
Bulletin | Released 18 March 2019
Changes in the costs of employing labour analysed by sector and industry.
National Living Wage earners fall short of average family spending
Article | Released 29 March 2018
How easy is it to live on the National Living Wage? This article includes a calculator to help you find out.